{"id":18693,"date":"2021-01-01T00:17:57","date_gmt":"2020-12-31T21:17:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/?p=18693"},"modified":"2023-05-02T15:44:57","modified_gmt":"2023-05-02T12:44:57","slug":"%d0%bc-%d0%b0-%d0%bb-%d1%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/?p=18693","title":{"rendered":"\u041c.\u0410.\u041b-\u0421."},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_3715\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3715\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3715\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/mals_bak-1024x521.jpg\" alt=\"\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u041c.\u0410.\u041b.\u0421. 21. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430\" width=\"600\" height=\"305\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/mals_bak-1024x521.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/mals_bak-300x153.jpg 300w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/mals_bak-768x391.jpg 768w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/mals_bak.jpg 1347w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3715\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u041c.\u0410.\u041b-\u0421. 21. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0441\u044b <em><strong>\u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b \u041b\u043e\u0445\u0432\u0438\u0446\u043a\u043e\u0439-\u0421\u043a\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043d<\/strong><\/em> (1857-1935).<\/p>\n<p>\u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439 \u0438 <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0443\u0447\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0435.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_9023\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9023\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9023\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/skalon_fot-717x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\u041c.\u0410.\u041b\u043e\u0445\u0432\u0438\u0446\u043a\u0430\u044f-\u0421\u043a\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043d, \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0438, \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0412\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e-\u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0435\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435\" width=\"600\" height=\"857\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/skalon_fot-717x1024.jpg 717w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/skalon_fot-210x300.jpg 210w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/skalon_fot-768x1097.jpg 768w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/skalon_fot.jpg 896w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9023\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041c.\u0410.\u041b\u043e\u0445\u0432\u0438\u0446\u043a\u0430\u044f-\u0421\u043a\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043d, \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0438, \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0412\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e-\u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0435\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/figcaption><\/figure>\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0443:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u2116 761. \u041b\u043e\u0445\u0432\u0438\u0446\u043a\u0430\u044f-\u0421\u043a\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043d \u041c.\u0410., \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434. \u0413\u043e\u0434 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f: 1913. \u041c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u0441\u0442. \u0422\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e, \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0436. \u0434. \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439: \u041f.\u041f. \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044e\u0442\u0430. \u0417\u0430\u0432. \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c. \u0447.: \u041b.\u0418. \u041f\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430: \u0421.-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433, \u041d\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, 88. \u0422\u043b\u0444. 55-74.<\/p>\n<p>\u0422\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e: \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0438\u0444. \u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445: 50. \u0418\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f: \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439.<sup>[2]<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u041f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0410\u0440\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0435 <em>\u041c.\u0410.\u041b-\u0421.<\/em> &#8212; 27.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[1] <em>\u0426\u0413\u0410\u041a\u0424\u0424\u0414 \u0421\u041f\u0431. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0413 1179.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[2] <em>\u0415\u0437\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u041b.\u041a. \u0424\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e-\u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 (\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u0424\u0438\u043d\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0434\u0438\u044e): \u041f\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0420\u0435\u0434. \u043a\u043e\u043c., \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442. \u0438\u0437 \u0447\u043b. \u0421\u043e\u0432. \u0441\u044a\u0435\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c-\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0438 \/ \u0420\u0435\u0434. \u0424.\u0410. \u0428\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440; \u0421\u043e\u0432. \u0441\u044a\u0435\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c-\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0438. \u2013 2-\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0434. \u2013 \u041f\u0433.: \u0418\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0436. \u043f\u0443\u0442. \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449. \u0414.\u041f. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0441\u044b\u043d, 1914. \u2013 746-767 (\u0412).<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b: \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d, \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u041f\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[41,24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18693","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-41","category-24"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18693","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18693"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18693\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23263,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18693\/revisions\/23263"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18693"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18693"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18693"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}