{"id":18548,"date":"2021-01-01T00:14:42","date_gmt":"2020-12-31T21:14:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/?p=18548"},"modified":"2024-07-22T18:22:52","modified_gmt":"2024-07-22T15:22:52","slug":"%d0%bf-%d0%b3-%d1%81-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/?p=18548","title":{"rendered":"\u041f.\u0413.\u0421."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mceTemp\"><\/div>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3697\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3697\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3697\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pgs_lit-1024x511.jpg\" alt=\"\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u041f.\u0413.\u0421. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u041b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\" width=\"600\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pgs_lit-1024x511.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pgs_lit-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pgs_lit-768x383.jpg 768w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pgs_lit-1536x767.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pgs_lit-2048x1023.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3697\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u041f.\u0413.\u0421. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u041b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0432 1880-\u0445 \u0433\u0433. \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435\u00a0\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0443\u043f\u0446\u0430 <em><strong>\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430 \u0421\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430 <\/strong><\/em>\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u0435 \u0418\u0436\u043e\u0440\u0435.<\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u041f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0438 1884 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u2013 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0421\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0440\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0418\u0436\u043e\u0440\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d: 5 \u0433\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d. \u0421\u0431\u044b\u0442 \u0432 \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0435. \u041f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f 1000 \u0441\u0430\u0436. \u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u0427\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445: 111 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d \u0438 12 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d. \u0421\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430: 32,000 \u0440\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0439<sup>[1]<\/sup>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1110\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1110\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1110\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pgs_matritsa-1024x397.jpg\" alt=\"\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u041f\u0413\u0421. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u041c\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430\" width=\"600\" height=\"233\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pgs_matritsa-1024x397.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pgs_matritsa-300x116.jpg 300w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pgs_matritsa-768x298.jpg 768w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pgs_matritsa-1536x596.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pgs_matritsa-2048x795.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1110\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u041f\u0413\u0421. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u041c\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0443 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0421\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0418\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e-\u043e\u0431\u0436\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437 \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0430<sup>[1]<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0412 1886 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u041f.\u0413. \u0421\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0413\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 (\u041c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f, 26)<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-23880\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2024-07-22_18-21-02.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"941\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2024-07-22_18-21-02.png 545w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2024-07-22_18-21-02-191x300.png 191w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2024-07-22_18-21-02-354x555.png 354w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"mceTemp\"><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[1] <em>\u041f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0421.-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 1884 \u0433\u043e\u0434. \u2013 \u0421\u041f\u0431.: \u0413\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f, 1884. \u2013 \u0421. 69, 79.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b: \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d, \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u041f\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23,24],"tags":[98,1149],"class_list":["post-18548","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-23","category-24","tag-98","tag-1149"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18548","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18548"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18548\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23881,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18548\/revisions\/23881"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18548"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18548"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18548"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}