{"id":18235,"date":"2021-01-01T00:21:25","date_gmt":"2020-12-31T21:21:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/?p=18235"},"modified":"2023-02-04T11:31:01","modified_gmt":"2023-02-04T08:31:01","slug":"%d0%b7%d0%b0%d1%80%d1%8f-%d0%b7%d0%b0%d1%80%d1%8f-%d0%b7-%d0%bb-%d0%b8-%d1%82-%d0%b4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/?p=18235","title":{"rendered":"\u0417\u0430\u0440\u044f; \u0417\u0430\u0440\u044f \u0417.\u041b.\u0418.\u0422.\u0414"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mceTemp\"><\/div>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18236\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18236\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18236\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/zara_makar-1024x535.jpg\" alt=\"\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0417\u0430\u0440\u044f 116. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\" width=\"600\" height=\"314\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/zara_makar-1024x535.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/zara_makar-300x157.jpg 300w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/zara_makar-768x401.jpg 768w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/zara_makar-1536x803.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/zara_makar-2048x1071.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/zara_makar-555x290.jpg 555w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18236\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0417\u0430\u0440\u044f 116. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u041d\u0430 1914 \u0433\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0435\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u00ab\u0417\u0430\u0440\u044f\u00bb (\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u041c. \u042e\u043d\u0433\u043a\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0444\u0438\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u00ab\u0421\u0442\u0443\u043a\u043a\u0435\u0439\u00bb) \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f <em><strong>\u0424\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0440 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043a<\/strong><\/em> (21.09.1865-14.12.1940). \u0412\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043f\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0430 1885 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a, \u0448\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043c\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0412\u044b\u0441\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0439\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0414\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0430. \u0421\u044b\u043d \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b-\u043b\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430, \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0413\u043e\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0413\u043e\u0441. \u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0430 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u044f \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430 \u0411\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8941\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8941\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-8941\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/zar_\u0438\u0444\u043b\u0448\u0442-1024x532.jpg\" alt=\"\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0417\u0430\u0440\u044f. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430\" width=\"600\" height=\"312\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/zar_\u0438\u0444\u043b\u0448\u0442-1024x532.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/zar_\u0438\u0444\u043b\u0448\u0442-300x156.jpg 300w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/zar_\u0438\u0444\u043b\u0448\u0442-768x399.jpg 768w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/zar_\u0438\u0444\u043b\u0448\u0442.jpg 1265w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8941\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0417\u0430\u0440\u044f. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2839\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2839\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2839\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/zarja.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"346\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/zarja.jpg 547w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/zarja-300x173.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2839\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0420\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u00ab\u0417\u0430\u0440\u044f\u00bb<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0412 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0415\u0437\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e 1914 \u0433.:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u2116 736. \u0411\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043a \u0411\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f, \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0421\u0442\u0443\u043a\u043a\u0435\u0439, \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434. \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0446: \u0424\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0440 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043a. \u0413\u043e\u0434 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f: 1875. \u041c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u0421.-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443., \u0423\u0441\u0442\u044c-\u0418\u0436\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u043b., \u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441: \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043a \u0441\u0442. \u0423\u0441\u0442\u044c-\u0418\u0436\u043e\u0440\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0417\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0440. \u041d\u0435\u0432\u0435. \u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430: \u041d.\u041a. \u0422\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430: \u0421.-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433, \u041b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440., 13, \u043a\u0432. 26.<\/p>\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445: 137. \u0413\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e: 87.600 \u0440.<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u041a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e <strong>\u0417\u0430\u0440\u044f \u0417.\u041b.\u0418.\u0422.\u0414<\/strong> \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_22871\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-22871\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-22871\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2023-02-04_11-29-29-1024x492.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"288\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2023-02-04_11-29-29-1024x492.png 1024w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2023-02-04_11-29-29-300x144.png 300w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2023-02-04_11-29-29-768x369.png 768w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2023-02-04_11-29-29-555x267.png 555w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2023-02-04_11-29-29.png 1172w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-22871\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0417\u0430\u0440\u044f \u0417.\u041b.\u0418.\u0422.\u0414. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8408\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8408\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-8408\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/bezak_fot.jpg\" alt=\"1904 \u0433. \u041a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0440 \u0424.\u041d.\u0411\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043a \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044e\u043c\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u044f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430 XVII \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442. \u0426\u0413\u0418\u0410 \u0421\u041f\u0431. \u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440: \u0426\u0413\u0410\u041a\u0424\u0424\u0414 \u0421\u041f\u0431 \u041f 572 \u0441\u043d.13\" width=\"600\" height=\"1174\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/bezak_fot.jpg 409w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/bezak_fot-153x300.jpg 153w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8408\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">1904 \u0433. \u041a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0440 \u0424.\u041d.\u0411\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043a \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044e\u043c\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u044f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430 XVII \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442. \u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440: \u0426\u0413\u0410\u041a\u0424\u0424\u0414 \u0421\u041f\u0431 \u041f 572 \u0441\u043d.13<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u041f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0410\u0440\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0435 <em>\u0417\u0430\u0440\u044f<\/em> &#8212; 130.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[1] <em>\u0415\u0437\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u041b.\u041a. \u0424\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e-\u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 (\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u0424\u0438\u043d\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0434\u0438\u044e): \u041f\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0420\u0435\u0434. \u043a\u043e\u043c., \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442. \u0438\u0437 \u0447\u043b. \u0421\u043e\u0432. \u0441\u044a\u0435\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c-\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0438 \/ \u0420\u0435\u0434. \u0424.\u0410. \u0428\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440; \u0421\u043e\u0432. \u0441\u044a\u0435\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c-\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0438. \u2013 2-\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0434. \u2013 \u041f\u0433.: \u0418\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0436. \u043f\u0443\u0442. \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449. \u0414.\u041f. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0441\u044b\u043d, 1914. \u2013 723-745 (\u0412).<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b: \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d, \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u041f\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[38,24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18235","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-38","category-24"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18235","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18235"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18235\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22872,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18235\/revisions\/22872"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18235"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18235"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18235"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}