{"id":18107,"date":"2021-01-01T00:20:18","date_gmt":"2020-12-31T21:20:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/?p=18107"},"modified":"2025-11-11T12:46:46","modified_gmt":"2025-11-11T09:46:46","slug":"%d0%b8-%d0%b1%d0%be%d1%80%d0%b8%d1%81%d0%be%d0%b2%d1%8a-%d0%b8-%d0%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/?p=18107","title":{"rendered":"\u0418.\u0411\u041e\u0420\u0418\u0421\u041e\u0412\u042a; \u0418.\u0411."},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_7846\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7846\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-7846\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ib2_bak.jpg\" alt=\"\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0418. \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u044a. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430\" width=\"600\" height=\"301\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ib2_bak.jpg 594w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ib2_bak-300x151.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7846\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0418.\u0411\u041e\u0420\u0418\u0421\u041e\u0412\u042a. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442 <strong><em>\u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0443 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0432 1899 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u041e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0443 \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0418. \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u00ab\u0423\u0442\u043a\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u00bb \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443 \u041d\u0435\u0432\u044b, \u0432 \u0428\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0435.<\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u044b: 24.05.1899-26.06.1903<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0444\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7848\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7848\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-7848\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ib_bak.jpg\" alt=\"\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0418.\u0411. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430\" width=\"600\" height=\"296\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ib_bak.jpg 940w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ib_bak-300x148.jpg 300w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ib_bak-768x379.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7848\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0418.\u0411. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0422.\u0424. \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0446\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430 1904 \u0433\u043e\u0434:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u041d\u0435\u0432\u044b.<\/p>\n<p>\u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0447. \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434. \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0415\u0432\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0430. \u0428\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430. \u0412\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d \u0432 1899 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443. \u0417\u0435\u043c\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f. \u0420\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0417\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430. 3 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0438 3 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430. 1 \u0413\u043e\u0444\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0447\u044c. 16 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440. \u0415\u043c\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c 100 \u043a\u0443\u0431\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0439. \u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445 138.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e: 1899 \u0433. \u2013 800 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447, 1900 \u0433. \u2013 3 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430, 1901 \u0433. \u2013 1500 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447, 1902 \u0433. \u2013 1500 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447, 1903 \u0433. \u2013 1500 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447.<sup>[2]<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u041f\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0433\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u041c.\u0418. \u0411\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0446\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438<sup>[3]<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0418\u0437 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 1908 \u0433.:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u0418\u0432., \u043a\u0443\u043f. \u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d. \u0437\u0430\u0432. \u0413. \u0421\u043f\u0431., \u0428\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0431. \u0443\u0447., \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432. \u0431\u0435\u0440. \u041d\u0435\u0432\u044b, 238. \u0427\u0438\u0441. \u0440\u0430\u0431. 115.<sup>[4]<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7825\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7825\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-7825\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/boris_rek.jpg\" alt=\"\u0420\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c \u0418.\u0411. \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\" width=\"600\" height=\"253\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/boris_rek.jpg 618w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/boris_rek-300x127.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7825\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0420\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c \u0418.\u0411. \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0412 1908 \u0433. \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434 <a href=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/?p=18105\">\u00ab\u042f\u043a\u043e\u0440\u044c\u00bb<\/a> \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0432 \u0415\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445. \u0420\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u0432 1880-\u0445 \u0433\u0433., \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 <a href=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/?p=17586\">\u041d.\u041f. \u0413\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[1] <em>\u0426\u0413\u0418\u0410 \u0421\u041f\u0431. \u0424. 256. \u041e\u043f. 26. \u0414. 55.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[2] <em>\u0421\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0446\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0422.\u0424. \u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0440. \u041d\u0435\u0432\u0435 \u0438 \u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0445. \u2013 \u0421\u041f\u0431.: \u0418\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e A.\u042d. \u0412\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043a\u0435, 1904. \u2013 \u0421. 8-9.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[3] <em>\u0411\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0446 \u041c.\u0418. \u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u044b \u00ab\u0413\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0441\u00bb \u0438 \u00ab\u042d\u0432\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u00bb \u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u044b\u0440\u0446\u0430-\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u0430. \u0421\u043e\u0447. \u2116 6. (\u0414\u043e\u043a\u043b., \u0447\u0438\u0442. \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440. \u0418\u043c\u043f. \u0421\u041f\u0431. \u041e-\u0432\u0430 \u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 18-\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0435\u0432. 1903 \u0433.) \u2013 2-\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0434., \u0421\u041f\u0431.: \u00ab\u0413\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u00bb, \u0442\u0438\u043f. \u0421\u041f\u0431. \u0413\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, 1913. \u2013 (\u0413\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e). \u2013 \u0421. 4.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[4] <em>\u0410\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e-\u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \/ \u041f\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0435\u0434. \u0410.\u0412. \u041f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0432\u0430. \u2013 2-\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0434. (1907\/8 \u0433.), \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440. \u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447. \u0434\u043e\u043f. \u2013 \u0421\u041f\u0431.: \u0442\u0438\u043f. \u041a.\u0410. \u0427\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430, 1908. \u2013 \u0421. 536.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21,24],"tags":[1176,1092,1091],"class_list":["post-18107","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-i","category-24","tag-1176","tag-1092","tag-1091"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18107","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18107"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18107\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25396,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18107\/revisions\/25396"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18107"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18107"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18107"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}