{"id":17853,"date":"2021-01-01T00:18:23","date_gmt":"2020-12-31T21:18:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/?p=17853"},"modified":"2023-05-02T16:05:40","modified_gmt":"2023-05-02T13:05:40","slug":"%d0%bb%d0%b7%d1%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/?p=17853","title":{"rendered":"\u041b\u0417\u0428"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mceTemp\"><\/div>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17851\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17851\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-17851\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/lzsh_makar-1024x511.jpg\" alt=\"\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u041b\u0417\u0428. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\" width=\"600\" height=\"299\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/lzsh_makar-1024x511.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/lzsh_makar-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/lzsh_makar-768x383.jpg 768w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/lzsh_makar-1536x766.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/lzsh_makar-2048x1021.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/lzsh_makar-555x277.jpg 555w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17851\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u041b\u0417\u0428. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0432\u0438 \u0422\u0438\u0445\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0411\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u041f\u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0428\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0430, \u043a\u0443\u0434\u0430, \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442. \u041c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043c <a href=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/?p=17852\"><em>\u0410\u041c\u0428<\/em><\/a> \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u044f \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430 \u0428\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043f\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0435 \u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0443 1850-\u0445 \u2013 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0443 60-\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n<p>\u041d\u0430\u0448\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0433\u043b\u0438\u043d \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0439 <em>\u041b\u0417\u0428<\/em> \u0438 <em>\u0410\u041c\u0428<\/em>.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8055\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8055\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-8055\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/lzsh-amsh_gl_223-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\u041f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u041b\u0417\u0428 (\u0430) \u0438 \u0410\u041c\u0428 (\u0431) \u043f\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0438. \u0421\u043d\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0438 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u041f\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0430\" width=\"600\" height=\"224\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/lzsh-amsh_gl_223-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/lzsh-amsh_gl_223-300x112.jpg 300w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/lzsh-amsh_gl_223-1024x382.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/lzsh-amsh_gl_223-768x286.jpg 768w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/lzsh-amsh_gl_223-1536x572.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/lzsh-amsh_gl_223-2048x763.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8055\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u041b\u0417\u0428 (\u0430) \u0438 \u0410\u041c\u0428 (\u0431) \u043f\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0438. \u0421\u043d\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0438 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u041f\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0418\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0430: \u00ab\u041b\u0438\u043f\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0428\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043f\u0438\u043d\u0430\u00bb. \u0414\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 1847 \u0433. \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0443\u043f\u0435\u0446 \u041a\u043b\u0430\u0443\u0441 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043f\u0435\u0440 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0418\u043e\u0430\u0445\u0438\u043c \u0413\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0434. \u041b\u0438\u043f\u043a\u0438 \u0428\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0430 (\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430 I) \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432<sup>[1]<\/sup>. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430, \u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0445\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 1850-\u0445 \u2013 70-\u0445 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\u041b\u0438\u043f\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0445\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0438 1855 \u0433.\" width=\"600\" height=\"344\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/lipka_kz_1855_EM.jpg 858w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/lipka_kz_1855_EM-300x172.jpg 300w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/lipka_kz_1855_EM-768x440.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8040\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0434. \u041b\u0438\u043f\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0445\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0438 1850-\u0445 \u2013 70-\u0445 \u0433\u0433.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[1] <em>\u0420\u0413\u0418\u0410. \u0424. 18. \u041e\u043f. 2. \u0414. 1321.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b: \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d, \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u041f\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[40,24],"tags":[449],"class_list":["post-17853","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-40","category-24","tag-449"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17853","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=17853"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17853\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23164,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17853\/revisions\/23164"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=17853"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=17853"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=17853"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}