{"id":17813,"date":"2021-01-01T00:28:10","date_gmt":"2020-12-31T21:28:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/?p=17813"},"modified":"2023-01-07T09:54:09","modified_gmt":"2023-01-07T06:54:09","slug":"%d0%b0-%d1%84%d0%b5%d0%b4%d0%be%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b2%d1%8a-%d0%b0-%d1%84-%d1%84%d0%b5%d0%b4%d0%be%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b2%d1%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/?p=17813","title":{"rendered":"\u0410.\u0424\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044a; \u0410.\u0424.; \u0424\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044a"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mceTemp\"><\/div>\n<figure id=\"attachment_21620\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-21620\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21620\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/fed_bak.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"302\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/fed_bak.jpg 977w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/fed_bak-300x151.jpg 300w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/fed_bak-768x386.jpg 768w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/fed_bak-555x279.jpg 555w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-21620\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0410. \u0424\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044a 6. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043a\u0443\u043f\u0446\u0430 <strong><em>\u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u044f \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430 \u0424\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/em><\/strong> \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u0435 \u0418\u0436\u043e\u0440\u0435.<\/p>\n<p>\u0421\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a 1881 \u0433. (\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430 1879 \u0433.):<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434. \u0424\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447, \u043a\u0443\u043f\u0435\u0446. \u0412 \u0441. \u0423\u0441\u0442\u044c-\u0418\u0436\u043e\u0440\u0435.<\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e: 2,000 \u0442\u044b\u0441.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432. \u0420\u0443\u0431.: 34,000.<\/p>\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445: 155<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<figure id=\"attachment_21621\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-21621\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21621\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/fed_bak_1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"302\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/fed_bak_1.jpg 996w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/fed_bak_1-300x151.jpg 300w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/fed_bak_1-768x386.jpg 768w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/fed_bak_1-555x279.jpg 555w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-21621\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0424\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044a 16. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_19684\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-19684\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-19684\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"324\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-19684\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0411\u0440\u0430\u043a (\u043e\u0442\u043a\u043e\u043b) \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0435 \u0424\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044a. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0430<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<blockquote><p>\u041e\u0431 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043a\u0443\u043f\u0446\u0430 \u0424\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443 \u0440. \u0418\u0436\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0432 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0435<\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u044b: 17.04.1884-27.01.1886<sup>[2]<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4093\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4093\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4093\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/AF_kras-1021x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0410.\u0424. 13. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\" width=\"600\" height=\"602\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/AF_kras-1021x1024.jpg 1021w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/AF_kras-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/AF_kras-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/AF_kras-768x770.jpg 768w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/AF_kras.jpg 1164w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4093\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u0438 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0410.\u0424. 13 (\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u0441 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u043e\u0439). \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u041f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0430 1884 \u0433.:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u2013 \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u044f \u0424\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0440\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0418\u0436\u043e\u0440\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d: 6 \u0433\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043e\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u0448\u0430\u0434\u044c\u043c\u0438. \u0421\u0431\u044b\u0442 \u0432 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0435. \u0423\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f 600 \u043a\u0443\u0431. \u0441\u0430\u0436. \u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u041a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445: 101 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0438 10 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d. \u0421\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430: 40,000 \u0440\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0439.<sup>[3]<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u0421\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a 1887 \u0433. (\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430 1884 \u0433.):<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u0424\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447, \u043a\u0443\u043f\u0435\u0446. \u0411\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0423\u0441\u0442\u044c-\u0418\u0436\u043e\u0440\u044b, \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0435\u043a\u0435 \u0418\u0436\u043e\u0440\u0435.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e: 1.000.000 \u0448\u0442\u0443\u043a \u043d\u0430 13.000 \u0440\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0439.<\/p>\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445 57.<sup>[4]<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 1887 \u0433. \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0430 \u0432 1897 \u0433. \u0410. \u0424\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0441 <a href=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/?p=17812\">\u0410. \u042f\u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0410\u0440\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0435 <em>\u0410. \u0424\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044a<\/em> &#8212; 91; <em>\u0424\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044a<\/em> &#8212; 83; <em>\u0410.\u0424.<\/em> &#8212; 91.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[1] <em>\u041e\u0440\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u041f.\u0410. \u0423\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0444\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u043a \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0438 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043a\u043d\u044f\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0424\u0438\u043d\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c: \u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0444\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e-\u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438. \u2013 \u0421\u041f\u0431.: \u0422\u0438\u043f. \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0432 \u041f\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445, 1881. \u2013 \u0421. 318.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[2] <em>\u0426\u0413\u0418\u0410 \u0421\u041f\u0431. \u0424. 256. \u041e\u043f. 12. \u0414. 70.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[3] <em>\u041f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0421.-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 1884 \u0433\u043e\u0434. \u2013 \u0421\u041f\u0431.: \u0413\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f, 1884. \u2013 \u0421. 70.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[4] <em>\u041e\u0440\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u041f.\u0410. \u0423\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0444\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u043a \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e: \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0444\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e-\u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438. \u2013 2-\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0434., \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440. \u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447. \u0434\u043e\u043f. \u2013 \u0421\u041f\u0431.: \u0442\u0438\u043f. \u0420. \u0413\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0435, 1887. \u2013 \u0421. 292.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b: \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d, \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u041f\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31,24,47],"tags":[1127,1121,1210],"class_list":["post-17813","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-31","category-24","category-47","tag-1127","tag-1121","tag-1210"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17813","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=17813"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17813\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22699,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17813\/revisions\/22699"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=17813"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=17813"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=17813"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}