{"id":17377,"date":"2021-01-01T00:24:54","date_gmt":"2020-12-31T21:24:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/?p=17377"},"modified":"2023-01-08T18:31:20","modified_gmt":"2023-01-08T15:31:20","slug":"%d0%b4-%d0%b1-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/?p=17377","title":{"rendered":"\u0414.\u0411."},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_3782\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3782\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3782\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/db1_mak-1024x526.jpg\" alt=\"\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0414.\u0411. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430.\" width=\"600\" height=\"308\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/db1_mak-1024x526.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/db1_mak-300x154.jpg 300w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/db1_mak-768x395.jpg 768w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/db1_mak-1536x790.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/db1_mak-2048x1053.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3782\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0414.\u0411. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a, \u0432\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0449\u0438\u043a, \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0446 \u0447\u0443\u0433\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432, \u0441\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0446, \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0421\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0437\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a <strong><em>\u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0415\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0438<\/em><\/strong> (1799-1870) \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043b \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0438. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443 \u041d\u0435\u0432\u044b \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0447\u043a\u0435 \u0423\u0442\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0417\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044c, \u043c\u044b \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u00ab\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f\u00bb\u00a0\u041d.\u0410. \u0414\u0435\u043f\u043f\u0430, \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432 \u00ab\u0418\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435\u00bb \u0432 1860 \u0433.:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u041d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u0435 \u041d\u0435\u0432\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0438 \u041e\u0445\u0442\u043e\u044e.<\/p>\n<p>1) \u0411\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0438. 2-2,5 \u043c\u043b\u043d. \u0448\u0442.<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<figure id=\"attachment_10074\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-10074\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10074\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/deb_ben_e2sttr.jpg\" alt=\"\u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0415\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0438\" width=\"600\" height=\"809\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/deb_ben_e2sttr.jpg 224w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/deb_ben_e2sttr-223x300.jpg 223w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-10074\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0415\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0438<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0421\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430 1864 \u0433.:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u0411\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0438, \u0421. \u0443. 2 \u0441\u0442. \u043d\u0430 \u0440. \u041d\u0435\u0432\u0435.<sup>[2]<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17384\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17384\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-17384\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/gb3_litv.jpg\" alt=\"\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0430 \u0414\u0411. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u041b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\" width=\"600\" height=\"332\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17384\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0430 \u0414\u0411. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u041b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u041d\u0430 1865 \u0433.:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u0411\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0438.<\/p>\n<p>\u0427\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445: \u043c.\u043f. &#8212;\u00a0 250; \u0436.\u043f. &#8212; 18.<\/p>\n<p>\u0426\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: 51600. \u0422\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430 (\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0433\u043b\u044f): 16000.<sup>[3]<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17378\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17378\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-17378\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/gb2_litv-1024x511.jpg\" alt=\"\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0414\u0411 75. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u041b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\" width=\"600\" height=\"299\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/gb2_litv-1024x511.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/gb2_litv-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/gb2_litv-768x383.jpg 768w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/gb2_litv-1536x766.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/gb2_litv-555x277.jpg 555w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/gb2_litv.jpg 1936w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17378\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0414\u0411 75. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u041b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u041d\u0430 1866 \u0433.:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u0411\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0438, \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0440. \u0440. \u041d\u0435\u0432\u044b.<\/p>\n<p>\u0427\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445. \u041c. \u043f.: 275. \u0416. \u043f.: 25. \u0426\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u0412\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: 48000. \u0422\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430 (\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0433\u043b\u044f): 16000.<sup>[4]<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17379\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17379\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-17379\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/lb_litvin-1024x523.jpg\" alt=\"\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0414\u0411 88. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u041b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\" width=\"600\" height=\"306\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/lb_litvin-1024x523.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/lb_litvin-300x153.jpg 300w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/lb_litvin-768x392.jpg 768w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/lb_litvin-1536x784.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/lb_litvin-2048x1045.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/lb_litvin-555x283.jpg 555w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17379\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0414\u0411 88. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u041b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0412 1866 \u0433. \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0411\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u00ab\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u00bb \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d \u0432 12000 \u0440\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0439<sup>[5]<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u041f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 1874 \u0433.:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u0428\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a. 666. \u0411\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0438, \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439, \u0411. \u041d\u0435\u0432\u0430.<\/p>\n<p>\u0427\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445: 332 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438 107 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d. \u0421\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430: 78,175 \u0440\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0439.<sup>[6]<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3786\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3786\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3786\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/db_bak.jpg\" alt=\"\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0414.\u0411. (\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c). \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430\" width=\"600\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/db_bak.jpg 461w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/db_bak-300x148.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3786\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0414.\u0411. (\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c). \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2275\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2275\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2275\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/db_jashik-1024x538.jpg\" alt=\"\u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044f\u0449\u0438\u043a \u0414.\u0411. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430\" width=\"600\" height=\"315\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/db_jashik-1024x538.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/db_jashik-300x158.jpg 300w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/db_jashik-768x403.jpg 768w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/db_jashik.jpg 1179w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2275\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044f\u0449\u0438\u043a \u0414.\u0411. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438 \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0415\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430, \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043b \u043a <a href=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/?p=17070\">\u0412.\u0413. \u0417\u0443\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443<\/a> \u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0430 1870-\u0445 \u0433\u0433. \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u00ab\u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0444\u0438\u0440\u043c\u043e\u044e \u0414. \u0411\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0438\u00bb. \u041f\u043e-\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e <em>\u0414\u0411<\/em> \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5166\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5166\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5166\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/zub-db-rekm77.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"118\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/zub-db-rekm77.jpg 1016w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/zub-db-rekm77-300x59.jpg 300w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/zub-db-rekm77-768x151.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5166\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0420\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0417\u0443\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0444\u0438\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0411\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u00ab\u0417\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0438\u0439\u00bb 1877 \u0433.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u041f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0410\u0440\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0435 <em>\u0414.\u0411.<\/em> &#8212; 133.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[1] <em>\u0418\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b. \u21165 (1860). \u2013 \u0421. 947-952.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[2] <em>\u0424\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0432 \u0421.-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0435 \u0438 \u0421.-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432 1864 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443. \u0412\u044b\u043f. 3. \u2013 \u0421\u041f\u0431., \u0442\u0438\u043f. \u0413\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, 1865. \u2013 \u0421. 26.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[3] <em>\u0424\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0432 \u0421.-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0435 \u0438 \u0421.-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432 1865 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443. \u0412\u044b\u043f. 4. \u2013 \u0421\u041f\u0431., \u0442\u0438\u043f. \u0413\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, 1866. \u2013 \u0421. 21.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[4] <em>\u0424\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0432 \u0421.-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0435 \u0438 \u0421.-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432 1866 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443. \u0412\u044b\u043f. 5. \u2013 \u0421\u041f\u0431., \u0442\u0438\u043f. \u0413\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, 1868. \u2013 \u0421. 35.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[5] <em>\u0426\u0413\u0418\u0410 \u0421\u041f\u0431. \u0424. 224. \u041e\u043f. 1. \u0414. 29.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[6] <em>\u041f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0421.-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 1874 \u0433\u043e\u0434. \u2013 \u0421\u041f\u0431.: \u0413\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f, 1874. \u2013 \u0421. 64.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u21161.<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>30028.<\/p>\n<p>1848 \u0433. \u0438\u044e\u043b\u044f 20-\u0433\u043e, \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u043f\u0447\u0430\u044f, \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0421.-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043a\u0443\u043f\u0446\u043e\u043c \u0414\u0430\u0432\u044b\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0414\u0430\u0432\u044b\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043c \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0431\u0430\u0443\u043c\u043e\u043c, \u041f\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044e \u0415\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0443 \u0411\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u044e, \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0421.-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0435, \u041b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 3-\u043c \u043a\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0442\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c 1822 \u0433. \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u2116179-\u043c, \u0430 1816 \u0433. \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u2116227-\u043c, \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0437\u0430 40,000 \u0440\u0443\u0431. \u0441\u0435\u0440. \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0447\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0435\u0440\u0431\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0432 90 \u0440\u0443\u0431.; \u0432\u0437\u044b\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0438\u043d 1,600 \u0440\u0443\u0431. \u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443 3 \u0440\u0443\u0431.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a:<\/strong> <em>\u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0421\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0431\u043d\u044b\u043c, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043c \u211669 1848 \u0433. &#8212; \u0421. 24.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u21162.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-20296\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/benard.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"270\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/benard.jpg 695w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/benard-300x135.jpg 300w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/benard-555x250.jpg 555w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a:<\/strong> <em>\u0421.-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, 15 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0440\u044f 1867 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430. &#8212; \u0421. 4.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[35,24],"tags":[1147,98,1211],"class_list":["post-17377","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-35","category-24","tag-1147","tag-98","tag-1211"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17377","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=17377"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17377\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22808,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17377\/revisions\/22808"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=17377"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=17377"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=17377"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}