{"id":17312,"date":"2021-01-01T00:28:27","date_gmt":"2020-12-31T21:28:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/?p=17312"},"modified":"2023-01-07T11:04:42","modified_gmt":"2023-01-07T08:04:42","slug":"%d0%b0%d0%b2%d0%b2-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/?p=17312","title":{"rendered":"\u0410\u0412\u0412"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_2126\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2126\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2126\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/avv_makar-1024x491.jpg\" alt=\"\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0410\u0412\u0412. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\" width=\"600\" height=\"288\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/avv_makar-1024x491.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/avv_makar-300x144.jpg 300w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/avv_makar-768x368.jpg 768w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/avv_makar-1536x736.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/avv_makar-2048x982.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2126\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0410\u0412\u0412. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043a\u0443\u043f\u0447\u0438\u0445\u0438 2-\u0439 \u0433\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0438\u0438 <em><strong>\u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u044b \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043d\u044b \u0412\u0438\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0421\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u044b \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043d\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432 6 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u042f\u0449\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0430. \u0412\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0436\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u0443\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438 1888 \u0433.:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u0412\u0438\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440, \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0430-\u0410\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430, 53 \u043b., \u0432\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043b\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439; \u0432 \u043a\u0443\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0441 1876 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u0416\u0438\u0442. \u0421\u041f. \u0447. 2 \u0443\u0447., \u0434. \u211645, \u0443\u0433. \u0413\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0411. \u0421\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u043b. \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436. \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432. \u0432 \u0434. \u0436\u0438\u0442. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u044b\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044c\u044f: \u0412\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0433\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043c-\u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 32 \u043b., \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440-\u0417\u0438\u0433\u0444\u0440\u0438\u0434 28 \u043b., \u0441 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e\u044e \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0435\u044e \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0438 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0412\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0433\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043c 25 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0438.<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u0418\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044f \u0444\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u043a \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 1897 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u0412\u0438\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440, \u0410\u043b\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0412\u0430\u0441., \u0443. \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0432. \u0420\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f, \u0441. \u042f\u0449\u0435\u0440\u044b (1842). \u0421\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e.<\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 300 \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443. \u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c. \u0421\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430 8000 \u0440\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0439.<\/p>\n<p>\u0427\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445 90 (60 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d \u0438 30 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043e 16 \u043b\u0435\u0442). \u0412\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 90,000 \u0440\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0439.<sup>[2]<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u041e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u0435\u0437\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u044b \u0437\u0430 1897 \u0433\u043e\u0434:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u0417\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0446 \u0412\u0438\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440 \u0437\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430 6 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0441. \u042f\u0449\u0435\u0440 \u0434\u043e \u0421\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0437\u0430 1895 \u0438 1896 \u0433\u0433. (\u0441\u0442\u0440. \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430 68 \u0438 69) &#8230;&#8230;. 420 \u00bb<sup>[3]<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u041f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 1898 \u0433.:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u0412\u0438\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430, \u0421\u041f\u0431 2 \u0433\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043f\u0447\u0438\u0445\u0430. \u0421\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e. \u0412\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0420\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f, \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u041a\u0435\u043c\u0441\u043a.<\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445 133; \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 248. 1 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c. \u0412\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0432 1896 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0430 95,000 \u0440\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0439<sup>[4]<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[1] <em>\u0421\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u043e \u043a\u0443\u043f\u0446\u0430\u0445 \u0433. \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0430 1888. \u2013 \u0421\u041f\u0431.: \u0442\u0438\u043f. \u041d.\u0410. \u041b\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0432\u0430, 1888. \u2013 \u0421. 183.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[2] <em>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0444\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u043a \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432. \u2013 \u0421\u041f\u0431.: \u0442\u0438\u043f. \u0418.\u0410. \u0415\u0444\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430, 1897. \u2013 \u0421. 458, 459.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[3] <em>\u041e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u0435\u0437\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u044b \u0437\u0430 1897 \u0433\u043e\u0434. \u2013 \u0421\u041f\u0431.: \u0422\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f \u0412. \u0414\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430, 1898. \u2013 \u0421. 73.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[4] <em>\u041f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 1898 \u0433\u043e\u0434. \u2013 \u0421\u041f\u0431.: \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0413\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f, 1898.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b: \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d, \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u041f\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31,24],"tags":[1149],"class_list":["post-17312","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-31","category-24","tag-1149"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17312","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=17312"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17312\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22733,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17312\/revisions\/22733"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=17312"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=17312"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=17312"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}