{"id":17275,"date":"2021-01-01T00:19:16","date_gmt":"2020-12-31T21:19:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/?p=17275"},"modified":"2023-12-13T15:35:15","modified_gmt":"2023-12-13T12:35:15","slug":"%d0%b7-%d0%be-%d0%ba%d0%b7%d0%be-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/?p=17275","title":{"rendered":"\u0417.\u041e.; \u041a\u0417\u041e"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_8701\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8701\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-8701\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/zo_makar-1024x542.jpg\" alt=\"\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0417.\u041e. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\" width=\"600\" height=\"318\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/zo_makar-1024x542.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/zo_makar-300x159.jpg 300w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/zo_makar-768x407.jpg 768w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/zo_makar-1536x813.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/zo_makar-2048x1084.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8701\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0417.\u041e. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 <strong><em>\u0411\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435<\/em><\/strong> \u0432 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 <strong><em>\u041e\u043b\u044c\u0445\u0438\u043d\u044b\u0445<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u041c\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043e \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0437\u0430 1878 \u0433\u043e\u0434.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u0411\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u041d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c \u0415.\u041d. \u041a\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0413.\u0413. \u041e\u043b\u044c\u0445\u0438\u043d\u044b\u043c. \u0421\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0430 2 \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0424. \u0436. \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u0411\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u0435 \u0421\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435.<\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0436\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0447\u044c, 7 \u0448\u0430\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u0430, 2 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445. \u0414\u0432\u0435 \u0433\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435. \u0427\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432: 1 (\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439). \u0427\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445. 2 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043e 16 \u043b\u0435\u0442. \u0427\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445. \u041c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d: 40. \u0416\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d: 6. \u0413\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0432 \u0421\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0446\u043a\u0435.<\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u044b\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e (\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e) \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u043f\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043c \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f. \u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u0430 800,000. \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0430 10. \u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0443 8,000. \u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0431\u044b\u0442: \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435, \u0421-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0435 \u0438 \u0421\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0446\u043a\u0435.<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u0418\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0432 1837 \u0433. \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0415\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044b \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u043d\u044b \u041a\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 (\u0444\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0443) \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0411\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0422\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0446\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044c (\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u041e\u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b)<sup>[2]<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0415\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0431\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043c \u041e\u043b\u044c\u0445\u0438\u043d\u044b\u043c (\u0443\u043c. \u0432 1815 \u0433.).<\/p>\n<p>\u0412 1881 \u0433. \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u041e\u043b\u044c\u0445\u0438\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0435\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0411\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u041b\u0435\u043c\u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445, \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0443\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u041a\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044f. \u041b\u0435\u043c\u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441 \u0443\u0441\u0430\u0434\u044c\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0432 \u0415\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440-\u044e\u043d\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u044f \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430 \u041e\u043b\u044c\u0445\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u0430 \u0411\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441 \u0443\u0441\u0430\u0434\u044c\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0432 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b-\u043b\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430 \u041e\u043b\u044c\u0445\u0438\u043d\u0430<sup>[3]<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"mceTemp\"><\/div>\n<figure id=\"attachment_23411\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-23411\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-23411\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2023-12-13_15-27-29-1024x538.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"315\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2023-12-13_15-27-29-1024x538.png 1024w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2023-12-13_15-27-29-300x158.png 300w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2023-12-13_15-27-29-768x404.png 768w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2023-12-13_15-27-29-555x292.png 555w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2023-12-13_15-27-29.png 1275w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-23411\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u041a\u0417\u041e. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[1] <em>\u0420\u0413\u0418\u0410. \u0424. 20. \u041e\u043f. 12. \u0414. 162.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[2] <a href=\"http:\/\/beloostrov.ru\/forum\/viewtopic.php?f=1&amp;t=620&amp;start=160\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>http:\/\/beloostrov.ru\/forum\/viewtopic.php?f=1&amp;t=620&amp;start=160<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<p>[3] <em><span class=\"deb17\">\u0418\u0437 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u041a\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445-\u041e\u043b\u044c\u0445\u0438\u043d\u044b\u0445 \/\/ <a href=\"http:\/\/beloostrov.ru\/stat.php?page=stat_47\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/beloostrov.ru\/stat.php?page=stat_47<\/a><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b: \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d, \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u041f\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[38,39,24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17275","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-38","category-39","category-24"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17275","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=17275"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17275\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23413,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17275\/revisions\/23413"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=17275"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=17275"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=17275"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}