{"id":17096,"date":"2021-01-01T00:09:43","date_gmt":"2020-12-31T21:09:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/?p=17096"},"modified":"2023-11-07T20:30:02","modified_gmt":"2023-11-07T17:30:02","slug":"%d1%84-%d0%bf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/?p=17096","title":{"rendered":"\u0424.\u041f."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mceTemp\"><\/div>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17097\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17097\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-17097\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/fp_makar-1024x523.jpg\" alt=\"\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0424.\u041f. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\" width=\"600\" height=\"306\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/fp_makar-1024x523.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/fp_makar-300x153.jpg 300w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/fp_makar-768x392.jpg 768w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/fp_makar-1536x784.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/fp_makar-2048x1046.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/fp_makar-555x283.jpg 555w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17097\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0424.\u041f. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430 <em><strong>\u0424\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430<\/strong><\/em>. \u0417\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442 \u0432 1853 \u0433. \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0447\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0418\u0436\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430<sup>[1]<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c, \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u041d.\u0410. \u0414\u0435\u043f\u043f\u043e\u043c \u0432 1860 \u0433., \u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 4 \u043c\u043b\u043d \u0448\u0442.<sup>[2]<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0426\u0438\u0444\u0440\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0430 1865 \u0433.:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430. \u0427\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445. \u041c. \u043f.: 159. \u0416. \u043f.: 10. \u0426\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u0412\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: 26000. \u0422\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430 (\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0433\u043b\u044f): 10400.<sup>[3]<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u0412 1866 \u0433. \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d \u0432 15000 \u0440\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0439<sup>[4]<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0424. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f, \u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u041f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0444\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0438 (\u041d\u0430\u0431. \u041e\u0431\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430, 120\u0411, 1857-58 \u0433\u0433.), \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u041c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n<p>\u0412 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 1850-\u0445 \u0433\u0433. \u043d\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u0441 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0430 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430\u0445.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5623\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5623\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5623\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/fp-2v_MP-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\u0422\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0424\u041f \u0432 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0412\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431 \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u041f\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0430\" width=\"600\" height=\"475\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/fp-2v_MP-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/fp-2v_MP-300x238.jpg 300w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/fp-2v_MP-1024x811.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/fp-2v_MP-768x608.jpg 768w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/fp-2v_MP-1536x1217.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/fp-2v_MP-2048x1622.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5623\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0422\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0424\u041f \u0432 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0412\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431 \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u041f\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c <em>\u0424\u041f<\/em> \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430\u0445.<\/p>\n<p>#1. \u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0435.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5653\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5653\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5653\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/fp-pram1_Litv.png\" alt=\"\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0424\u041f \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0435. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u041b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\" width=\"600\" height=\"301\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/fp-pram1_Litv.png 2028w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/fp-pram1_Litv-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/fp-pram1_Litv-1024x513.png 1024w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/fp-pram1_Litv-768x385.png 768w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/fp-pram1_Litv-1536x770.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5653\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0424.\u041f \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0435. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u041b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5656\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5656\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5656\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/fp-bezram_MP-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0424.\u041f. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u041f\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0430\" width=\"600\" height=\"308\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/fp-bezram_MP-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/fp-bezram_MP-300x154.jpg 300w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/fp-bezram_MP-1024x526.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/fp-bezram_MP-768x395.jpg 768w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/fp-bezram_MP-1536x790.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/fp-bezram_MP-2048x1053.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5656\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0424.\u041f. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u041f\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>#2. \u0412 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0435 \u0441 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0439.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5654\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5654\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5654\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/fp-ramkk_Litv.jpg\" alt=\"\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0424\u041f \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0435 \u0441 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0439. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u041b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\" width=\"600\" height=\"324\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/fp-ramkk_Litv.jpg 2241w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/fp-ramkk_Litv-300x162.jpg 300w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/fp-ramkk_Litv-1024x554.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/fp-ramkk_Litv-768x415.jpg 768w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/fp-ramkk_Litv-1536x831.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/fp-ramkk_Litv-2048x1108.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5654\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0424\u041f \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0435 \u0441 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0439. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u041b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>#3. \u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0435 \u0441 \u043a\u0443\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_19452\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-19452\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-19452\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/fp_bak-1024x513.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"301\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/fp_bak-1024x513.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/fp_bak-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/fp_bak-768x385.jpg 768w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/fp_bak-555x278.jpg 555w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/fp_bak.jpg 1245w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-19452\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0424.\u041f. 12. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>#4. \u0412 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0435 \u0441 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5659\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5659\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5659\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/fp-ram_kan_oldbr.jpg\" alt=\"\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0424.\u041f. \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0435 \u0441 \u043a\u0443\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0441 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0439 (\u2116 4). \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\" width=\"600\" height=\"301\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/fp-ram_kan_oldbr.jpg 938w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/fp-ram_kan_oldbr-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/fp-ram_kan_oldbr-768x385.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5659\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0424.\u041f. 4 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0435 \u0441 \u043a\u0443\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0439. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0413\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d. \u0412 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0445 1873 \u0433. \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437, \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043c \u0448\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0441 6 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043c\u0438, 18 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432, 10 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432, 4 \u0445\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445, \u0431\u0430\u043d\u044f \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0443\u043b\u043a\u0430<sup>[5]<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0427\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0430 <em>\u0424\u041f<\/em> \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438:<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4119\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4119\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4119\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/fp_razbak.jpg\" alt=\"\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u0438 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0424.\u041f. \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430\" width=\"600\" height=\"1083\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/fp_razbak.jpg 400w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/fp_razbak-166x300.jpg 166w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4119\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u0438 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0424.\u041f. \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_23390\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-23390\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-23390\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2023-11-07_20-28-53.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"294\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2023-11-07_20-28-53.png 850w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2023-11-07_20-28-53-300x147.png 300w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2023-11-07_20-28-53-768x376.png 768w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2023-11-07_20-28-53-848x416.png 848w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2023-11-07_20-28-53-555x272.png 555w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-23390\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0424.\u041f. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0418\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044f \u041a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u0430-\u0441\u044b\u0440\u0446\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f\u043b \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u044f\u0449\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043b \u0438\u0437 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u043e \u043a \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a \u0434\u043d\u0443 \u044f\u0449\u0438\u043a\u0430.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4115\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4115\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4115\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/fp_bakin-1024x528.jpg\" alt=\"\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0424.\u041f. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430\" width=\"600\" height=\"309\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/fp_bakin-1024x528.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/fp_bakin-300x155.jpg 300w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/fp_bakin-768x396.jpg 768w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/fp_bakin.jpg 1271w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4115\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0424.\u041f. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u041f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0410\u0440\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0435<em> \u0424.\u041f.<\/em> &#8212; 24.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[1] <em>\u0426\u0413\u0418\u0410 \u0421\u041f\u0431. \u0424. 1163. \u041e\u043f. 1. \u0414. 1030.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[2] <em>\u0418\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b. \u21165 (1860). \u2013 \u0421. 947-952.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[3] <em>\u0424\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0432 \u0421.-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0435 \u0438 \u0421.-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432 1865 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443. \u0412\u044b\u043f. 4. \u2013 \u0421\u041f\u0431., \u0442\u0438\u043f. \u0413\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, 1866. \u2013 \u0421. 21.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[4] <em>\u0426\u0413\u0418\u0410 \u0421\u041f\u0431. \u0424. 224. \u041e\u043f. 1. \u0414. 29.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[5] <em>\u0426\u0413\u0418\u0410 \u0421\u041f\u0431. \u0424. 224. \u041e\u043f. 1. \u0414. 261.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b: \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d, \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u041f\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,47],"tags":[1140,1127],"class_list":["post-17096","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-24","category-47","tag-1140","tag-1127"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17096","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=17096"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17096\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23391,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17096\/revisions\/23391"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=17096"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=17096"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=17096"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}