{"id":17029,"date":"2021-01-01T00:14:16","date_gmt":"2020-12-31T21:14:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/?p=17029"},"modified":"2023-05-02T15:21:56","modified_gmt":"2023-05-02T12:21:56","slug":"%d0%bf-%d0%b0-%d0%b2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/?p=17029","title":{"rendered":"\u041f.\u0410.\u0412"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_3916\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3916\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3916\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/PAV1_zuk-1024x521.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"305\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/PAV1_zuk-1024x521.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/PAV1_zuk-300x153.jpg 300w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/PAV1_zuk-768x391.jpg 768w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/PAV1_zuk-1536x782.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/PAV1_zuk-2048x1042.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3916\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u041f.\u0410.\u0412. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u044f \u0416\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 <em><strong>\u0410\u0432\u0434\u043e\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u041f\u0430\u043d\u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b \u0412\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443 \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 1853 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>9. \u0412\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439, \u0432\u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0410\u0432\u0434\u043e\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u041f\u0430\u043d\u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b. \u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f: \u041d\u0430 \u0440. \u041d\u0435\u0432\u0435, \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u044f\u0445 \u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044f\u043d \u0423\u0441\u0442\u044c-\u0421\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d\u043a\u0438.<\/p>\n<p>\u041e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u0428\u0430\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u2013 6; \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u2013 3; \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u2013 200 \u043a\u0432. \u0441\u0430\u0436. \u041a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e \u041f.\u0410.\u0412.<\/p>\n<p>\u0412 1852 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443. \u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445: 35 \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0438 30 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445; \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e 1,100,000 \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0439. \u0426\u0435\u043d\u044b: 12 \u0440\u0443\u0431. 50 \u043a\u043e\u043f. \u0437\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438 8 \u0440\u0443\u0431. 50 \u043a\u043e\u043f. \u0437\u0430 \u0430\u043b\u044b\u0439.<\/p>\n<p>\u0412 1853 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443. \u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445: 34 \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0430 \u0438 30 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445; \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e 1,070,000 \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0439. \u0426\u0435\u043d\u044b: 12 \u0440\u0443\u0431. 50 \u043a\u043e\u043f. \u0437\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438 8 \u0440\u0443\u0431. 50 \u043a\u043e\u043f. \u0437\u0430 \u0430\u043b\u044b\u0439.<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u041f\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 1851 \u0433. \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 1840-\u0445 \u0433\u0433. <em>\u0412\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439<\/em> \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u043b \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0432 \u0434. \u0423\u0441\u0442\u044c-\u0421\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d\u043a\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 1850-\u0445 \u0433\u0433. \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043b \u043a <a href=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/?p=19215\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u0428\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0448\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0443<\/a>. \u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 1850-\u0445 \u0433\u0433. \u0437\u0430 <em>\u0412\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u044c\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c<\/em> (\u0412\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439?)\u00a0\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0432 \u0423\u0441\u0442\u044c-\u0421\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d\u043a\u0435 \u2013 \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430<sup>[2]<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_10215\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-10215\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10215\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/slav51_pav.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"379\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/slav51_pav.jpg 480w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/slav51_pav-300x189.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-10215\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0435 1851 \u0433.: \u00ab1\u00bb \u2013 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430-\u0412\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0430, \u00ab2\u00bb \u2013 \u0412\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439-\u0428\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0448\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3917\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3917\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3917\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/PAV2_bak-\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044f.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"302\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/PAV2_bak-\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044f.jpg 716w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/PAV2_bak-\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044f-300x151.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3917\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u041f\u0410\u0412 (\u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043a). \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 1864 \u0433. \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0443 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0430 \u0428\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435 \u0432 1 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0428\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0440. \u041c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u044f \u0418\u0436\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e <em>\u0412\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0430<\/em><sup>[3]<\/sup>. \u0412 1865 \u0433. \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c<sup>[4]<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3918\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3918\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3918\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/PAV2_bak.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"355\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/PAV2_bak.jpg 670w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/PAV2_bak-300x177.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3918\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u041f\u0410\u0412 (\u0441 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u043e\u0439). \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3920\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3920\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3920\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pav_brak-1024x572.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"335\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pav_brak-1024x572.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pav_brak-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pav_brak-768x429.jpg 768w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pav_brak-1536x859.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pav_brak-2048x1145.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3920\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u041f\u0410\u0412 (\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043a). \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u044f \u0416\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[1] <em>\u0420\u0413\u0418\u0410. \u0424. 218. \u041e\u043f. 1. \u0414. 267.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[2] <em>\u0420\u0413\u0418\u0410. \u0424. 1287. \u041e\u043f. 6. \u0414. 658. \u043b. 204\u043e\u0431-205.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[3] <em>\u0424\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0432 \u0421.-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0435 \u0438 \u0421.-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432 1864 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443. \u0412\u044b\u043f. 3. \u2013 \u0421\u041f\u0431., \u0442\u0438\u043f. \u0413\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, 1865. \u2013 \u0421. 26.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[4] <em>\u0424\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0432 \u0421.-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0435 \u0438 \u0421.-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432 1865 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443. \u0412\u044b\u043f. 4. \u2013 \u0421\u041f\u0431., \u0442\u0438\u043f. \u0413\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, 1866. \u2013 \u0421. 6.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b: \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d, \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u041f\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23,24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17029","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-23","category-24"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17029","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=17029"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17029\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23104,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17029\/revisions\/23104"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=17029"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=17029"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=17029"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}