{"id":17011,"date":"2021-01-01T00:17:02","date_gmt":"2020-12-31T21:17:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/?p=17011"},"modified":"2023-04-03T18:04:32","modified_gmt":"2023-04-03T15:04:32","slug":"%d0%bc-%d0%bb-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/?p=17011","title":{"rendered":"\u041c.\u041b."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mceTemp\"><\/div>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17142\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17142\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-17142\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/ml_zukov-1024x556.jpg\" alt=\"\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e \u041c.\u041b. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u044f \u0416\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\" width=\"600\" height=\"326\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/ml_zukov-1024x556.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/ml_zukov-300x163.jpg 300w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/ml_zukov-768x417.jpg 768w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/ml_zukov-1536x833.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/ml_zukov-2048x1111.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/ml_zukov-555x301.jpg 555w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17142\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e \u041c.\u041b. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u044f \u0416\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044f <em><strong>\u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430 \u041b\u043e\u0434\u0438<\/strong><\/em> (\u041b\u043e\u0434\u0438\u044f, \u041b\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043e). \u0417\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u043c \u0432 1840-\u0445 \u2013 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 50-\u0445 \u0433\u0433. \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u041d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u0421\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d\u043a\u0438. \u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 1850-\u0445 \u0433\u0433. \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c<sup>[1]<\/sup>.<\/li>\n<li>\u041d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0436\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443 \u0421\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e. \u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 1850-\u0445 \u0433\u0433. \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0412.\u0424. \u041a\u0440\u044e\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439, \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044c, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f.<\/li>\n<li>\u041d\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u041d\u0435\u0432\u044b \u0432 \u0434. \u0423\u0441\u0442\u044c-\u0421\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d\u043a\u0430. \u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 1850-\u0445 \u0433\u0433. \u0438\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0437. \u041d\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u041d.\u041f. \u041a\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_11862\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11862\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11862\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/ML_54_BM.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"316\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/ML_54_BM.jpg 1068w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/ML_54_BM-300x158.jpg 300w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/ML_54_BM-1024x540.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/ML_54_BM-768x405.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-11862\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u041c.\u041b. (\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c). \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u043b\u044e\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3375\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3375\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3375\" style=\"-webkit-user-drag: none; display: inline-block; margin-bottom: -1ex;\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/mlkr_makar-1024x473.jpg\" alt=\"\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u041c.\u041b. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\" width=\"600\" height=\"277\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/mlkr_makar-1024x473.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/mlkr_makar-300x138.jpg 300w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/mlkr_makar-768x354.jpg 768w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/mlkr_makar-1536x709.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/mlkr_makar-2048x945.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3375\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u041c.\u041b. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0418\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d \u041c. \u041b\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0432 1844 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0417\u0430\u0445\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445. \u0412 1851 \u0433. \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0443 \u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044f\u043d\u0430\u043c \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0420\u044b\u0431\u0430\u0446\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0433 \u0437\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043d \u043c\u0430\u0439\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0443 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0443 \u0428\u0430\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0443<sup>[2]<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u041d.\u0410. \u0414\u0435\u043f\u043f\u0430, \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432 1860 \u0433., \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u0435 \u0418\u0436\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0445 <em>\u041b\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0438 \u0414\u0438\u043b\u044f<\/em> \u0441 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 2-3 \u043c\u043b\u043d \u0448\u0442.<sup>[3]<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[1] <em>\u0420\u0413\u0418\u0410 \u0421\u041f\u0431. \u0424. 1287. \u041e\u043f. 6. \u0414. 658. \u043b. 204\u043e\u0431-205.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[2] <em>\u0426\u0413\u0418\u0410 \u0421\u041f\u0431. \u0424. 1163. \u041e\u043f. 1. \u0414. 567.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[3] <em>\u0418\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b. \u21165 (1860). \u2013 \u0421. 947-952.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b: \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d, \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u041f\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[41,24],"tags":[1158],"class_list":["post-17011","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-41","category-24","tag-1158"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17011","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=17011"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17011\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23036,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17011\/revisions\/23036"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=17011"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=17011"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=17011"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}