{"id":16949,"date":"2021-01-01T00:21:42","date_gmt":"2020-12-31T21:21:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/?p=16949"},"modified":"2023-02-03T23:15:25","modified_gmt":"2023-02-03T20:15:25","slug":"%d0%b7%d0%ba-%d0%ba%d1%83%d0%bb%d0%b8%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/?p=16949","title":{"rendered":"\u0417\u041a (\u041a\u0443\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430)"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_641\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-641\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-641\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/ZK_kirp-1024x476.jpg\" alt=\"\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0417\u041a (\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439). \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430\" width=\"600\" height=\"279\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/ZK_kirp-1024x476.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/ZK_kirp-300x139.jpg 300w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/ZK_kirp-768x357.jpg 768w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/ZK_kirp.jpg 1121w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-641\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0417\u041a (\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439). \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435 <em><strong>\u0412\u0430\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044b \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b \u041a\u0443\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439<\/strong><\/em> \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u0417\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0444\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0430.<\/p>\n<p>\u0413\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d 1900 \u0433\u043e\u0434.<\/p>\n<p>15 \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f 1907 \u0433. \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u00ab\u041a\u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u043d\u00bb \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u043b\u0430:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u0411\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0433. \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0444\u0430, \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u041a\u0443\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439, \u043d\u043e\u0447\u044c\u044e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430 \u0441\u043e \u0432\u0437\u043b\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0441\u044f\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e 3000 \u0440\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0439. \u0412\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0445\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438, \u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u043d\u043e\u0447\u044c \u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u044b. \u0418\u0445 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435: \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u041c\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0443\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432 \u0438 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0424\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043f\u043f\u043e\u0432, \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0443.<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u0412 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c, \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u043e \u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430\u043c \u0437\u0430 1907 \u0433\u043e\u0434, \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>4002. \u041a\u0443\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044b \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b, \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u0417\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430. \u041e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430: 15900 \u0440\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0439. \u041e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434: 178 \u0440\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0439 08 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0435\u043a. \u0417\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b.<sup>[2]<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<figure id=\"attachment_10686\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-10686\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10686\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/zk-344_Br.jpg\" alt=\"\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0417\u041a (\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c). \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0410\u0440\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430\" width=\"600\" height=\"289\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/zk-344_Br.jpg 806w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/zk-344_Br-300x144.jpg 300w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/zk-344_Br-768x370.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-10686\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0417\u041a (\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c). \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0410\u0440\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u00ab<em>\u0424\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438\u00bb <\/em>1913 \u0433. \u0417\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u043e\u0439.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>5289. \u041a\u0443\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0417\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434. \u2014 \u0441. \u0417\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430, \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0444\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443. \u0411\u043b\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0439\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u0433. \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0444. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432 1900 \u0433. \u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445 60. \u0413\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442 36 \u0442. \u0440.<sup>[3]<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<figure id=\"attachment_6649\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6649\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-6649\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zi_zk_VArt.jpg\" alt=\"\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0417I (\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043a \u0417\u041a). \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0410\u0440\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430\" width=\"600\" height=\"312\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zi_zk_VArt.jpg 1072w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zi_zk_VArt-300x156.jpg 300w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zi_zk_VArt-1024x532.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zi_zk_VArt-768x399.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-6649\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0417I (\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043a \u0417\u041a). \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0410\u0440\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u041f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0410\u0440\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0435 <em>\u0417\u041a<\/em>\u00a0&#8212; 44.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[1] <em>\u0413\u0443\u0449\u0438\u043d \u0412.\u0410., \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0435\u0432 \u0420.\u0410. \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0444 \u0432 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0435. \u0418\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0445. II \u0442\u043e\u043c. \u2013 \u0421\u041f\u0431.: \u041d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440-\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f, 2012. \u2013 \u0421. 246-247.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[2] <em>\u0414\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0444\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0423\u0435\u0437\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0417\u0435\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u044b \u0437\u0430 1908 \u0433\u043e\u0434. \u2013 \u0421\u041f\u0431., 1909. \u2013 \u0421. 162.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[2] <em>\u0424\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438: \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e 31,523 \u0444\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445. <\/em><em>IV. \u0424\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e-\u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b. \u2013 \u041a\u0438\u0435\u0432: \u041a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0422\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u041b.\u041c. \u0424\u0438\u0448, 1913. \u2013 \u0421\u0442\u0431. 327.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b: \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d, \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u041f\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[38,24],"tags":[1114],"class_list":["post-16949","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-38","category-24","tag-1114"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16949","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=16949"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16949\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22854,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16949\/revisions\/22854"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=16949"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=16949"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=16949"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}