{"id":16889,"date":"2021-01-01T00:06:31","date_gmt":"2020-12-31T21:06:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/?p=16889"},"modified":"2023-05-02T15:12:31","modified_gmt":"2023-05-02T12:12:31","slug":"%d1%87%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%bd%d0%b5%d0%b2%d0%be-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/?p=16889","title":{"rendered":"\u0427\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_11748\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11748\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11748\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/chern234_vsm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"302\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/chern234_vsm.jpg 2524w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/chern234_vsm-300x151.jpg 300w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/chern234_vsm-1024x515.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/chern234_vsm-768x386.jpg 768w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/chern234_vsm-1536x773.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/chern234_vsm-2048x1030.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-11748\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0427\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0421\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u0421\u0443\u0434\u044f \u043f\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043a, \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0443\u0441\u0430\u0434\u044c\u0431\u0435 \u0427\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u0422\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0446\u044b\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0413\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0430. \u0421 1850 \u0433. \u0435\u0439 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b \u043a\u043d\u044f\u0437\u044c \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0430\u043b\u0442\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432 (1830-1903), \u0430 \u0441 1903 \u0433. \u2013 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u044b\u043d \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447<sup>[1]<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0414\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[1] <em>\u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u041c.\u0422. \u041a\u043d\u044f\u0437\u044c\u044f \u0421\u0430\u043b\u0442\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0430\u0434\u044c\u0431\u0430 \u0427\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e \/\/ \u041d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e-\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b \u00ab\u041f\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0412\u00bb \u2116 15 \u2013 2001 \u0433. ISSN 2219-7923. \u2013 \u0421. 79-86.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b: \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d, \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u041f\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,49],"tags":[1109,1094],"class_list":["post-16889","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-24","category-49","tag-1109","tag-1094"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16889","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=16889"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16889\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23091,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16889\/revisions\/23091"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=16889"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=16889"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=16889"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}