{"id":16521,"date":"2021-01-01T00:23:08","date_gmt":"2020-12-31T21:23:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/?p=16521"},"modified":"2025-03-27T12:14:10","modified_gmt":"2025-03-27T09:14:10","slug":"%d0%b5-%d0%bc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/?p=16521","title":{"rendered":"\u0415.\u041c."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mceTemp\"><\/div>\n<figure id=\"attachment_24968\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-24968\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-24968\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2025-03-27_11-46-44-1024x515.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"302\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2025-03-27_11-46-44-1024x515.png 1024w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2025-03-27_11-46-44-300x151.png 300w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2025-03-27_11-46-44-768x386.png 768w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2025-03-27_11-46-44-555x279.png 555w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/2025-03-27_11-46-44.png 1185w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-24968\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0415.1 \u041c. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0410\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u041a\u0443\u043a\u0441\u0430<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430 <strong><em>\u0415\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 <\/em><\/strong>\u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u041c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0435 \u041f\u0435\u0433\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e 3-\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0430.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3580\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3580\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3580\" src=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/EM-tselo_collKras-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"309\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/EM-tselo_collKras-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/EM-tselo_collKras-300x155.jpg 300w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/EM-tselo_collKras-1024x528.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/EM-tselo_collKras-768x396.jpg 768w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/EM-tselo_collKras-1536x792.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/EM-tselo_collKras-2048x1056.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3580\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0430 \u0415.\u041c. \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u041f\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0412\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c 1876 \u0433.:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>4. \u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0440. \u041c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0435 \u041f\u0435\u0433\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e, \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0446\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0432\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u041f\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439.<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u0421\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 1877 \u0433.:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439. \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0415\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430, \u0432\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430. \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443.<sup>[2]<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u0412\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c 1878 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0415\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439.<\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u0430 400,050 \u0448\u0442\u0443\u043a \u043f\u043e 4 \u0440\u0443\u0431\u043b\u044f 70 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0435\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0443 1665 \u0440\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0439.<\/p>\n<p>\u0421\u0431\u044b\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0413\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0435.<\/p>\n<p>\u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0410\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0423\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447.<sup>[3]<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u0421\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a \u041f.\u0410. \u041e\u0440\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 1881 \u0433.:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0415\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u0432\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430. 3 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d, \u0434\u0435\u0440. \u041c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0435 \u041f\u0435\u0433\u0433\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e. \u041a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e: 320 \u0442\u044b\u0441. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432. \u0420\u0443\u0431.: 5,100. \u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445: 20.<sup>[4]<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u00ab\u041f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0421.-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 1884 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u00bb:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u041a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u2013 \u0415\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044b \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439, \u0434\u0435\u0440. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e. \u0421\u0431\u044b\u0442 \u0432 \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0435. \u0423\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f 150 \u0441\u0430\u0436. \u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0434. \u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445: 16 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d \u0438 3 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b. \u0421\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 5000 \u0440\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0439.<sup>[5]<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u041f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0410\u0440\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0435 <em>\u0415.\u041c.<\/em> &#8212; 1.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[1] <em>\u0426\u0413\u0418\u0410 \u0421\u041f\u0431. \u0424. 255. \u041e\u043f. 1. \u0414. 108.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[2] <em>\u0426\u0413\u0418\u0410 \u0421\u041f\u0431. \u0424. 256. \u041e\u043f. 6. \u0414. 9.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[3] <em>\u0420\u0413\u0418\u0410. \u0424. 20. \u041e\u043f. 12. \u0414. 163.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[4] <em>\u041e\u0440\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u041f.\u0410. \u0423\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0444\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u043a \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0438 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043a\u043d\u044f\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0424\u0438\u043d\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c: \u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0444\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e-\u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438. \u2013 \u0421\u041f\u0431.: \u0442\u0438\u043f. \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0432 \u041f\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445, 1881. \u2013 \u0421. 318.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[5] <em>\u041f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0421.-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 1884 \u0433\u043e\u0434. \u2013 \u0421\u041f\u0431.: \u0413\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f, 1884. \u2013 \u0421. 80.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b: \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d, \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u041f\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[36,24],"tags":[1149],"class_list":["post-16521","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-36","category-24","tag-1149"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16521","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=16521"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16521\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24970,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16521\/revisions\/24970"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=16521"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=16521"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xn--80aickabcjeksbqgig1io0jrbl.xn--p1ai\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=16521"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}